Counseling Code of Ethics

Question: Talk about theCounseling for Code of Ethics. Answer: Presentation: There is an expert body in Singapore for advising named as Singapore Association for Counseling (SAC). SAC is enlisted in Singapore and it is an association for Counselors and Psychotherapists. The fundamental destinations of SAC are to keep up the norms of this calling, give general standards and gauges to individuals from this association, these standards express the moral and expert conduct of individuals from SAC. These general standards are known as Code of Ethics. Code of morals is otherwise called moral way of thinking. Guidelines created by SAC manages the conduct of the expert counsellers, and these norms additionally increment the nature of the administrations gave by the individuals from SAC. These rules express the moral and expert direct for the individuals from SAC. In this paper we talk about the moral issues identified with the calling of directing. We additionally examine the contemplations applied to youngsters and youths in connection of these issues. In last we fi nish up the exposition by examining the arrangements identified with these issues (SAC, n.d.). Moral and Professional Principles in Counseling: Guiding is a term which for the most part portrays the procedure of evaluation of the people issue and helping the person to take care of that issue. SAC give a few rules which control the conduct of counsellers in Singapore. Here we examine two moral issues identified with advising that is secrecy and expert fitness: Privacy: It is the obligation of Counselors that they keep up the trust, trustworthiness and reality of their relationship with their customers. The primary point of this calling is to offer agreeable types of assistance to their customers and take care of the issues of customers as opposed to getting money related profit by customers. Counsellers don't claim obligations towards the customer just, yet they additionally own some duty towards different counsellers, partners and network. It is the obligation of the advisor/guide to keep up the security and classification of the meetings with their customers. It is an obligation of the advisors that they think about the correspondence with their customer as classified correspondence and doesn't unveil it anyplace except if the customer licenses to reveal such data. Data got from customer in meetings can be talked about by instructor in oversight, and as a major aspect of the board. It is important that advocate advise the customer all the arrangements regarding privacy they offer. Instructor and customer together change the arrangements of privacy understanding. On the off chance that data gave by customer is utilized in advising preparing and review, at that point advocate must ensure and not unveil the personality of customer. Advocate likewise regards the privacy matter of their partners customer (New Zealand Association of Counselors, n.d.). Advocates can look for data about their privileges and liabilities, if nature of work includes lawful issue. Guide ensures that the customers record must be kept at independently. Instructor ensures that customers records are appropriately arranged. If there should arise an occurrence of move of customers case to another advisor, composed assent must be taken from customer to unveil the classified data. On the off chance that instructor needs to utilize the matter of customer for contextual investigation or reports at that point composed assent of customer is vital. It is the duty of guide to shroud the character of customer (Goh, 2012). Special cases if there should arise an occurrence of Confidential issue: In typical circumstance it is normal from counsellers that they keep up the classification of meetings with their customers. However, there are a few circumstances where it is vital that guide break the classification of customer: Advocate can penetrate the privately for diminishing any hazard. Advisor can break the secretly when customer or other individual is in some peril. Advisor can give secret data in the event of legitimate issue. Advocate can give secret data while noting the grievance documented during training of advising. Anyway co-counsellers or chiefs can go to the meetings with the consent of customer (AIPC, 2010). It is the obligation of the specialist/instructor to guarantee that important advances are taken to keep the data private. It is the obligation of the specialist/advocate that they keep up proficient connection with their customers and set a limit in their relationship.Therapist/instructor doesn't exploit from the secret data of their customer (AAMFT, N.D.). It is the obligation of the guide that they set a limit of relationship with their customers. It is significant part of the connection among guide and customer. It is important that guide keep up proficient connection with their customers. Meaning of limits isn't given anyplace. It incorporates those conditions which don't exist in the structure of formal code of morals (Krawford, 2012). There are five standards from which limits of counsellers are inferred: Value it is the duty of the advocate that he work in light of a legitimate concern for the customer and ensure that customer get best from the meetings of guiding. Nonmaleficence-instructor must not take part in any action which create any mischief to the customer during meetings. Self-rule it is the obligation of the guide that he increment the dynamic intensity of customer, and forestall the any reliance of customer. Equity it is the obligation of the advocate that he doesn't separate between his customers based on sexual orientation, sex, nationality, race, and so forth. loyalty keeps up the trust and trustworthiness in the relationship with customer, and satisfies all the duties made to the customer Privacy matter in the event of childrens and young people: childrens and youngsters are not quite the same as grown-ups and they have diverse reasoning. Subsequently there are some uncommon focuses which a guide needs to remember while advising a youngster or adolescent: Regard the rights and obligations of each youngster and youngster. Regard the relationship of the kid or youngster with his folks, kin, companions and different individuals from family. Ensure the development and advancement of character of kid and youngsters. Regard the protection and classification of youngster and youngsters (Ances, n.d.). Proficient Competence: it is an obligation of the guide that they keep up the competency in their calling in light of a legitimate concern for their customers and in light of a legitimate concern for the general public. It is the obligation of the advocate that they set the limit of their calling and offer just those administrations and procedures that they are permitted to give by their calling. They ought not offer those administrations which they are not allowed to give by their calling (Singapore Psychological Society, n.d.). Following are the rules to accomplish the competency in calling: It is significant that instructor achieve the competency in his calling before beginning the meetings. Advisor must be associated with some presumed association that gives them incomparability in guiding administrations. Advocate must follow up on advices of their managers and customers, and furthermore survey their presentation every once in a while. Advocate must have total refreshed data of his field, and he should keep up the degree of information in his field. Advocate must have data with respect to the perils and issues in the meetings Limits of Professional Competence: it is important that instructor give just those administrations which is identified with his field or administrations which depend on his training, preparing, field, oversight and experience. Advisor must start the meeting and give treatment in the wake of considering the conditions of patient or other significant factors, for example, age, sex, sex, language, culture, and so on it is essential that counsellers continue doing endeavors to keep up their competency in their calling (American Psychological Association, 2010). It is significant for the counsellers that they update their abilities. It is important that they realize their limits identified with their ability and accept assistance and exhortation of their chiefs, and at whatever point they feel that issue isn't identified with their field they allude the issue to other advocate who can more readily comprehend the issue of customer. They should utilize just those techniques and test for which they get preparing (Institute of Guidance Counselors, n.d.). Following are the means to keep up the expert competency and trustworthiness: Instructors must build up their insight and aptitudes to keep up the competency in their calling. Guides must have total information about their calling. Proficient must maintain a strategic distance from the contentions with their customers and individual individuals. Instructors must not misuse their customers, understudies and society. Advocates must stay away from such acts which lead to proficient unfortunate behavior. Advisors must not guarantee any degree or capability which they don't have. Any data gave by advisors to open or their chiefs must be reasonable and dependent on some genuine information. Any distortion or abuse submitted by guide must be accounted for to their chiefs, and advisor must find a way to make redresses. Advocates must take just those assignments for which they are qualified. Instructors must not include in any training which lessen the respectability of their calling. It is essential that announcements made by the counsellers to general society agree to the moral code. Individuals must deal with these things while offering the expressions to the general population: Explanations made by the counsellers must be valid and reasonable. Their announcements must exclude any tricky or deceiving data with respect to their work. Advisors must not make bogus

Infosys and Corporate Social Responsibility in India Essays

Infosys and Corporate Social Responsibility in India Essays Infosys and Corporate Social Responsibility in India Essay Infosys and Corporate Social Responsibility in India Essay Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is characterized as a businesss approach to support positive effect through its exercises on the earth, buyers, representatives, networks and all other individual from the open who might be viewed as its partners. [8] Investigation The Infosys Foundation The Infosys Foundation was built up in the year 1996 with the objective of serving the under-special segments of the general public The center territories of the establishment are: Learning and instruction in 2007, the establishment left on the Library for Every Rural School program to get individuals to give books in Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, and Kerala. It has since set up 35,000 school libraries, the biggest rustic training program in India. Medicinal services Since its origin in 1996, the establishment has built emergency clinic wards, gave meds and propelled clinical gear to clinics, and sorted out wellbeing camps in remote zones, all so as to get the under-special access to present day clinical practices. Expressions Culture The Infosys Foundation continues and jam a few works of art that are special to our nation and structure a piece of our legacy. Throughout the years it has supported workmanship and music appears by country specialists, supported narratives on Indian culture and distributed books that outline the foundations of craftsmanship in Karnataka. Social Rehabilitation and Rural Uplift The establishment works for the government assistance of down and out ladies and youngsters and furthermore helps towards creating provincial India by giving training and professional aptitudes. It has assembled halfway houses where instruction is organized and composed instructional hubs for penniless ladies in and around Karnataka. Evaluation There are various perceptions to be produced using the abovementioned. Right off the bat, Infosys supposedly is occupied with different, detached government assistance exercises. Despite the fact that commendable, this may not be the best arrangement to embrace towards CSR in light of the fact that a considerable lot of these have almost no pertinence to its center business capacity. In this manner, quite possibly it might drop them later on if parts of the exercises begin to conflict with their ordinary business working. This will harm the whole reason of supportability that the organization advances about its CSR. The amazingly nearby nature of these exercises (most are situated in and around Karnataka) show that Infosys is maybe attempting to assemble a decent relationship at home where it needs to address however many issues as could be expected under the circumstances. In any case, scaling up of these exercises will be the genuine trial of its CSR rehearses in light of the fact that being a worldwide organization it can't bear to confine its government assistance exercises to just a single locale. This may bring up issues about their genuineness as their endeavors might be interpreted as just attempting to mollify the specialists at home and perhaps get benefits over its opposition. In the following segment we will see that in issues wherein it has mastery, Infosys has just extended its exercises to the worldwide level. Feasible Social Change Infosys makes the pleased case of impacting reasonable social change through its shifted improvement activities. [1] coming up next are a portion of these activities: Instruction and Intellectual Capability Its a well known fact that India is building distraught with Indian Engineering Institutions producing more than 500,000 science and designing alumni consistently. Notwithstanding, even as opponent IT organizations and a large group of different selection representatives strive with Infosys over the enlistment of the new, cheap designing ability, there is little that these corporates have done to help in the acknowledgment and compensation of top Indian research. This involves squeezing concern in light of the fact that in addition to the fact that this hampers the scholarly capital of our nation comparable to rivalry from abroad (Even China has a greater number of PhDs per capita than India) however it advances an absence of methodical discovering that at last outcomes in making a ton of these alumni unfit for sure fire mechanical business. It is here that Infosys has indeed separated itself from the opposition by embraced adventures that advance science and designing training as mo re than just a methods for finding a vocation. The Infosys Science Foundation (ISF) was define up with the objective of accomplishing the abovementioned. It was set up by a portion of the companys author individuals in February 2009 with the plan to lift the eminence of logical research in India and motivate youthful Indians to pick a work in logical research. The ISF praises remarkable commitments and accomplishments by Indians in different floods of science with the Infosys Prize in five classes: scientific sciences, physical sciences, designing and PC sciences, life sciences and sociologies. The honor is given to Indian researchers underneath the age of 50. The Foundation is financed by a measure of Rs. 215,000,000 contributed by the individuals from the Infosys Board and a yearly award from Infosys Tech. Ltd. The yearly honor in every class adds up to Rs. 5,000,000. The significance of this honor is featured by the names of its past champs and their accomplishments, for example a year ago the honor for Life Sciences went to Dr. Chetan Chitnis for having found the primary suitable intestinal sickness immunization and the honor for Engineering Sciences went to Prof. Ashutosh Sharma for his applications in vitality stockpiling. Along comparable lines is the ACM Infosys Foundation Award in Computer Sciences, set up in August 2007 and conveying a money grant of USD 150,000 gave by the Infosys Foundation Endowment. It means to remunerate teachers and analysts whose work in programming frameworks encourage developments that address existing difficulties in the area. Appraisal Dissimilar to various Indian organizations whose training related government assistance exercises center basically around issues of essential/fundamental instruction, Infosys activities are one of a kind in that they are related solely with the space of higher specialized training, a portion wherein it is apparently the most regarded organization in the nation. This permits it to make ideal collaboration between its regular business exercises and its interests in the above activities on the grounds that not at all like a great deal of different organizations who get into CSR without getting their work done and thus get blamed for doing it for ulterior intentions, Infosys commitment with the field of specialized training is a characteristic augmentation of its strategic approaches. Its methodology toward this path should likewise be commended. While Narayana Murty has been blamed in the past for preferring remote colleges when it came to giving awards, his choice of having Infosys set up the above honors is a gift from heaven for the examination foundation in India in light of the fact that however awards might be redirected by offices without the danger of responsibility, granting people for their greatness is progressively successful as it gives a more prominent consolation to others to follow from their point of view. Be that as it may, Infosys has not totally disregarded the essential and auxiliary instruction divisions either. It has quite recently moved toward it in an alternate manner but got awards no different. An a valid example is the Akshaya Patra Foundation, which was established in 2000 and has three senior Infosys individuals separated from various Infosys volunteers who move in the direction of giving free late morning dinners to schoolchildren. The establishments capacities in organization with state and focal governments and right now serves over 1.3 million understudies in 7699 schools across India. Its effect is anything but difficult to evaluate from outsider acknowledgments: it was granted an International Fellowship by the US Congressional Hunger Center, it got the 2008 CNBC India Business Leader of the Year Award and it even made it to the MBA educational plan as a contextual analysis at the Harvard School of Business in 2007. So also, Infosys BPOs chip away at Project Genesis, under which it attempts to improve the composed and spoken correspondence abilities notwithstanding the systematic aptitudes of understudies in Tier 2 and 3 towns of the nation so they become employable, was granted as the best CSR activity at the eighth National Outsourcing Association (NOA) Awards 2011, in London. It was particularly praised for ensuring that no cost was brought about by the taking part academicians in the program. Network Development Not at all like the instruction plots previously referenced, network improvement activities don't from the start appear the best fit with the companys existing exercises. Be that as it may, Infosys has done a lot of work in this area as well and keeping in mind that the greater part of it has been in the region of its workplaces, there are ventures like the Flood Relief Project for the survivors of northern Karnataka in which the organization has taken an interest effectively. Just a year ago the main period of their drive to develop 2250 houses across 18 towns was finished and along these lines these houses were given over to the townspeople. Evaluation This part of Infosys CSR endeavors can likewise be condemned for not coordinating with the center business capacities of the association. The inquiry to be posed is whether Infosys could have made a superior showing as basically a help advisor (an area wherein it as of now has aptitude) to an outsider association and have the last handle the genuine on-ground formative work. Likewise, about all of Infosys formative work has come in the area of Karnataka. The adaptability of this work can be raised doubt about much like on account of the Infosys Foundation. Regionalized formative work can generally bring up issues about its earnestness, for example regardless of whether they are essentially intends to pacify the nearby open/specialists. Infosys Eco Group Plans and Implementation Infosys has been c

Come to AXO Lip Sync!

Come to AXO Lip Sync! Do you want to relive your favorite pop culture moment? Do you enjoy watching your lab partner/roommate/secret crush/pset buddy/TA reveal hidden talents? Do you long for opportunities to support a good cause while being entertained? If you answered yes to any or all of the questions above, buy a ticket to AXO Lip Sync! WHEN: Saturday April 29th, 8PM (Doors open at 7:30) WHERE: Johnson COST: $6 in advance, $7 at door WHY: To support the Cambridge YWCA, and because Lip Sync-ing is awesome All proceeds from the event will be donated to the Cambridge YWCA. The YWCA of Cambridge has grown to become the largest residential facility for women in the city. We provide temporary and permanent housing for displaced women, homeless women and children, women with HIV/AIDS, battered women, and women recovering from substance abuse. Because our goal for all these women is that they are able to live fruitful lives outside the YWCA, we encourage them to participate in job training and educational programs.

The American Dream In The New Colossus - 716 Words

Travel back to June 17, 1885. It is a summer New York day, and the statue of liberty has just arrived on American grounds. The lady herself was a gift from the French to the United States as a sign of friendship. However, on the bottom of the statue, there is a plaque with a poem. This poem is known as â€Å"The New Colossus,† By Emma Lazarus. â€Å"The New Colossus† set a foundation for what the United States morals were built on. One might argue if Americans should still abide to this poem. Though it has been roughly 130 years since the statue landed on the New York shores, Americans should still follow the poem’s example today. We should continue to follow the words stated at the base of the Statue of Liberty because it is an example of American†¦show more content†¦There are also many shops and businesses that have been brought to use through immigration. Numerous immigrant have left their touch on America, that some might even say we take for grante d the teeming amount of cultural influences America has. This country’s foundation is built on America opening its arms to people around the world. â€Å"From her beacon-hand, glows a world-wide welcome, her mild eyes command,† (The New Colossal), As stated in paragraph 1, â€Å"The New Colossus† was written roughly 130 years ago. For 130 years, America has been striving to meet the expectations of â€Å"The New Colossal.† Though there have been many complications and obstacles that come year to year, this country will ultimately continue better the way it welcomes immigrants. When you look at a timeline, you can see that many civilizations around the world are hundreds and even thousands of years older than America. In the words of Anna Lee, â€Å"America is having an identity crisis.† This country is so new and fresh. Similarly, like a young teenager, we don’t know who we are meant to be. 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Ari no mama de - The Japanese version of Let It Go

The movie Frozen is titled as ã‚ ¢Ã£Æ'Šã  ¨Ã©â€º ªÃ£  ®Ã¥ ¥ ³Ã§Å½â€¹ (Anna and the Snow Queen) for the Japanese market, and it has become the third best-selling film of all time in Japan since its March 14 premiere. Japan’s highest-grossing film is currently Hayao Miyazaki’s animated classic â€Å"Spirited Away,† and â€Å"Titanic,† earns second place. The song Let It Go won the Academy Award for Best Original Song. Besides the original English version, it is dubbed into another 42 languages and dialects worldwide. Here is the Japanese version of Let It Go which translates into Ari no mama de (As I am). Romaji Translation Ari no mama de Furihajimeta yuki wa ashiato keshite Masshirona sekai ni hitori no watashi Kaze ga kokoro ni sasayakuno Konomama ja dame dandato Tomadoi kizutsuki darenimo uchiakezuni Nayandeta soremo mou Yameyou Arino mama no sugata o miseru noyo Arino mama no jibun ni naruno Nanimo kowakunai Kazeyo fuke Sukoshimo samuku nai wa Nayandeta koto ga uso mitai de Datte mou jiyuu yo nandemo dekiru Dokomade yareruka jibun o tameshitai no Sou yo kawaru no yo Watashi Arino mama de sora e kaze ni notte Arino mama de tobidashite miru no Nido to namida wa nagasanai wa Tsumetaku daichi o tsutsumi komi Takaku maiagaru omoi egaite Hanasaku koori no kesshou no you ni Kagayaite itai mou kimeta no Kore de ii no jibun o suki ni natte Kore de ii no jibun o shinjite Hikari abinagara arukidasou Sukoshi mo samuku nai wa Japanese Version 㠁‚り㠁 ®Ã£  ¾Ã£  ¾Ã£  § é™ Ã£â€šÅ Ã¥ §â€¹Ã£â€š Ã£ Å¸Ã©â€º ªÃ£  ¯Ã¨ ¶ ³Ã£ â€šÃ£  ¨Ã¦ ¶Ë†Ã£ â€"㠁 ¦ çÅ"Ÿã  £Ã§â„¢ ½Ã£  ªÃ¤ ¸â€"ç•Å'㠁 «Ã¤ ¸â‚¬Ã¤ º ºÃ£  ®Ã§ §  é ¢ ¨Ã£ Å'Ã¥ ¿Æ'㠁 «Ã£ â€¢Ã£ â€¢Ã£â€šâ€žÃ£  Ã£  ® 㠁“㠁 ®Ã£  ¾Ã£  ¾Ã£ ËœÃ£â€šÆ'ãÆ'ۋÆ' ¡Ã£   Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£   Ã£  ¨ æˆ ¸Ã¦Æ'‘㠁„å‚ ·Ã£  ¤Ã£  Ã¨ ª °Ã£  «Ã£â€šâ€šÃ¦â€°â€œÃ£  ¡Ã¦ËœÅ½Ã£ â€˜Ã£ Å¡Ã£  « æ‚ ©Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  §Ã£ Å¸Ã£  Ã£â€šÅ'もも㠁† ã‚„ã‚ Ã£â€šË†Ã£ â€  㠁‚り㠁 ®Ã£  ¾Ã£  ¾Ã£  ®Ã¥ § ¿Ã¨ ¦â€¹Ã£ â€ºÃ£â€šâ€¹Ã£  ®Ã£â€šË† 㠁‚り㠁 ®Ã£  ¾Ã£  ¾Ã£  ®Ã¨â€¡ ªÃ¥Ë†â€ Ã£  «Ã£  ªÃ£â€šâ€¹Ã£  ® ä ½â€¢Ã£â€šâ€šÃ¦â‚¬â€"㠁 Ã£  ªÃ£ â€ž é ¢ ¨Ã£â€šË†Ã¥  ¹Ã£ â€˜ Ã¥ °â€˜Ã£ â€"ã‚‚å ¯â€™Ã£  Ã£  ªÃ£ â€žÃ£â€š  æ‚ ©Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  §Ã£ Å¸Ã£ â€œÃ£  ¨Ã£ Å'嘘㠁 ¿Ã£ Å¸Ã£ â€žÃ£  § 㠁  Ã£  £Ã£  ¦Ã£â€šâ€šÃ£ â€ Ã¨â€¡ ªÃ§â€ ±Ã£â€šË†Ã£  ªÃ£â€šâ€œÃ£  §Ã£â€šâ€šÃ£  §Ã£  Ã£â€šâ€¹ 㠁 ©Ã£ â€œÃ£  ¾Ã£  §Ã£â€šâ€žÃ£â€šÅ'る㠁‹è‡ ªÃ¥Ë†â€ Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¨ © ¦Ã£ â€"㠁Ÿã â€žÃ£  ® 㠁 Ã£ â€ Ã£â€šË†Ã¥ ¤â€°Ã£â€š Ã£â€šâ€¹Ã£  ®Ã£â€šË† ç §  㠁‚り㠁 ®Ã£  ¾Ã£  ¾Ã£  §Ã§ © ºÃ£  ¸Ã© ¢ ¨Ã£  «Ã¤ ¹â€"㠁 £Ã£  ¦ 㠁‚り㠁 ®Ã£  ¾Ã£  ¾Ã£  §Ã© £â€ºÃ£  ³Ã¥â€¡ ºÃ£ â€"㠁 ¦Ã£  ¿Ã£â€šâ€¹Ã£  ® ä ºÅ'Ã¥ º ¦Ã£  ¨Ã¦ ¶â„¢Ã£  ¯Ã¦ µ Ã£ â€¢Ã£  ªÃ£ â€žÃ£â€š  å† ·Ã£ Å¸Ã£  Ã¥ ¤ §Ã¥Å" °Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¥Å'…㠁 ¿Ã¨ ¾ ¼Ã£  ¿ é «ËœÃ£  Ã¨Ë†Å¾Ã£ â€žÃ¤ ¸Å Ã£ Å'ã‚‹æ€ Ã£ â€žÃ¦  Ã£ â€žÃ£  ¦ èŠ ±Ã¥â€™ ²Ã£  Ã¦ ° ·Ã£  ®Ã§ µ Ã¦â„¢ ¶Ã£  ®Ã£â€šË†Ã£ â€ Ã£  « è ¼ Ã£ â€žÃ£  ¦Ã£ â€žÃ£ Å¸Ã£ â€žÃ£â‚¬â€šÃ£â€šâ€šÃ£ â€ Ã¦ ± ºÃ£â€š Ã£ Å¸Ã£  ® 㠁“ã‚Å'㠁 §Ã£ â€žÃ£ â€žÃ£  ®Ã¨â€¡ ªÃ¥Ë†â€ Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¥ ¥ ½Ã£  Ã£  «Ã£  ªÃ£  £Ã£  ¦ 㠁“ã‚Å'㠁 §Ã£ â€žÃ£ â€žÃ£  ®Ã¨â€¡ ªÃ¥Ë†â€ Ã¤ ¿ ¡Ã£ ËœÃ£  ¦ 光〠Ã¦ µ ´Ã£  ³Ã£  ªÃ£ Å'ら㠁‚る㠁 Ã£   Ã£  Ã£ â€  Ã¥ °â€˜Ã£ â€"ã‚‚å ¯â€™Ã£  Ã£  ªÃ£ â€ž Vocabulary arinomama 㠁‚り㠁 ®Ã£  ¾Ã£  ¾ --- unvarnished, undisguisedfurihajimeru é™ Ã£â€šÅ Ã¥ §â€¹Ã£â€š Ã£â€šâ€¹ --- to start fallingyuki é› ª --- snowashiato è ¶ ³Ã¨ · ¡ --- footprintkesu æ ¶Ë†Ã£ â„¢ --- to erasemasshiro çÅ"Ÿã  £Ã§â„¢ ½ --- pure whitesekai ä ¸â€"ç•Å' --- worldhitori 㠁 ²Ã£  ¨Ã£â€šÅ  --- alonewatashi ç §  --- Ikaze é ¢ ¨ --- windkokoro Ã¥ ¿Æ' --- heartsasayku 㠁•ã â€¢Ã£â€šâ€žÃ£   --- to whisperkonomama 㠁“㠁 ®Ã£  ¾Ã£  ¾--- as they aredame 㠁  Ã£â€š  --- no goodtomadou æˆ ¸Ã¦Æ'‘㠁† --- to be at a losskizutsuku å‚ ·Ã£  ¤Ã£   --- to hurtdarenimo è ª °Ã£  «Ã£â€šâ€š --- nobodyuchiakeru 打㠁 ¡Ã¦ËœÅ½Ã£ â€˜Ã£â€šâ€¹ --- to confess; to confidenayamu æ‚ ©Ã£â€šâ‚¬ --- to be worried; to be distressedyameru ã‚„ã‚ Ã£â€šâ€¹ --- to stopsugata Ã¥ § ¿ --- appearancemiseru è ¦â€¹Ã£ â€ºÃ£â€šâ€¹ --- to showjibun è‡ ªÃ¥Ë†â€  --- oneselfnanimo ä ½â€¢Ã£â€šâ€š --- nothingkowakunai æ€â€"㠁 Ã£  ªÃ£ â€ž --- not to scarefuku Ã¥  ¹Ã£   --- to blowuso 嘘 --- liejiyuu è‡ ªÃ§â€ ±--- freedomnandemo 㠁 ªÃ£â€šâ€œÃ£  §Ã£â€šâ€š --- anythingdekiru 㠁 §Ã£  Ã£â€šâ€¹ --- canyareru ã‚„ã‚Å'ã‚‹ --- to be able totamesu è © ¦Ã£ â„¢ --- to trykawaru Ã¥ ¤â€°Ã£â€š Ã£â€šâ€¹ --- to changesora ç © º --- skynoru ä ¹â€"ã‚‹ --- to carrytobidasu é £â€ºÃ£  ³Ã¥â€¡ ºÃ£ â„¢ --- to spring outnidoto ä ºÅ'Ã¥ º ¦Ã£  ¨ --- never againnamida æ ¶â„¢ --- tearnagasu æ µ Ã£ â„¢ --- to shedtsumetaku å† ·Ã£ Å¸Ã£   --- colddaichi Ã¥  °Ã¥Å" ° --- plateautsutsumu Ã¥Å'…ã‚€ --- to wraptakaku é «ËœÃ£   --- highmaiagaru 舞㠁„ä ¸Å Ã£ Å'ã‚‹ --- to soaromoi æ€ Ã£ â€ž--- thoughtegaku æ  Ã£   --- to picture to oneselfhana èŠ ± --- flowersaku å’ ²Ã£   --- to bloomkoori æ ° · --- icekesshou ç µ Ã¦â„¢ ¶ --- crystalkagayaku è ¼ Ã£   --- to shinekimeru æ ± ºÃ£â€š Ã£â€šâ€¹ --- to decidesuki Ã¥ ¥ ½Ã£   --- to likeshinjiru ä ¿ ¡Ã£ ËœÃ£â€šâ€¹ --- to believehikari å…‰ --- lightabiru æ µ ´Ã£  ³Ã£â€šâ€¹ --- to baskaruku æ ­ ©Ã£   --- to walksamukunai Ã¥ ¯â€™Ã£  Ã£  ªÃ£ â€ž --- not cold   Grammar (1) Prefix ma Ma çÅ"Ÿ is a prefix to emphasize the noun that comes after ma. makk çÅ"Ÿã  £Ã¨ µ ¤ --- bright redmasshiro çÅ"Ÿã  £Ã§â„¢ ½ --- pure whitemanatsu çÅ"Ÿå ¤  --- the middle of summermassaki çÅ"Ÿã  £Ã¥â€¦Ë† --- at the very firstmassao çÅ"Ÿã  £Ã© â€™ --- deep bluemakkuro çÅ"Ÿã  £Ã© »â€™ --- black as inkmakkura çÅ"Ÿã  £Ã¦Å¡â€" --- pitch-darkmapputatsu çÅ"Ÿã  £Ã¤ ºÅ'㠁 ¤ --- right in two (2) Adjectives Kowai (scared) and samui (cold) are adjectives. There are two types of adjectives in Japanese: i-adjectives and na-adjectives. I-adjectives all end in ~ i, though they never end in ~ ei (e.g. kirei is not an i-adjective.) Kowakunai and samukunai are negative form of kowai and samui. Click this link to learn more about Japanese adjectives. (3) Personal Pronouns â€Å"Watashi† is formal and the most commonly used pronoun. Japanese pronoun usage is quite different from that of English. There are a variety of pronouns used in Japanese depending on the gender of the speaker or the style of speech. Learning how to use Japanese personal pronouns is important, but more important is to understand how not to use them. When the meaning can be understood from the context, the Japanese prefer not to use personal pronouns. Click this link to learn more about personal pronouns.

The Head vs. the Heart Free Essays

The Head Vs.. The Heart The sounds of tools and chains clink and Jingle not too far off Slaves are in the fenced off field picking the soft cotton from the dry earth. We will write a custom essay sample on The Head vs. the Heart or any similar topic only for you Order Now The dust coming from the path that leads from the big, white house to the field gets picked up in gusts of wind making them squint their eyes. The owners of the house are chatting and laughing on their dusty porch sipping on their tea while their children play tag and hide-and-go-seek with each other on the grass below. The sun Is beating down on them with Intermittent periods of shade from the passing clouds blocking the suns harsh rays. To the left, there Lies the Millponds river. The water calmly passes by. Carrying branches and logs that slowly drift down the river passing quacking ducks swimming to keep from the heat. Hanging over the cool, dark water are willow trees that one could lie under peacefully in the shade. It is quiet there and is the perfect place to unwind and forget all the worries of the day. This mixed setting is something that is easily seen in Mark Twain’s book, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Huckleberry Finn does not need d quiet place Eke that to get to thinking about his day, his upcoming decisions, his past choices, and his life In general. He constantly thinks about what Is right and what Is wrong, but In his society, there are often conflicting answers, the things his head tells him to do, which Is what society tells him, and the things that his heart tells him, the Ramirez 2 things that he believes to be right. Mark Twain satires d society that forces d child to go to hell† In order to do what Is morally right. Husks caretakers wanted Heck to be well educated, go to church, and learn about the bell_ Ironically, he never found anything interesting. When the Widow Douglas tried to â€Å"learned [Ã'›_him] about Moses and the Bulrushes and [†¦ He] was in a sweat to find out all about him,† he found out â€Å"that Moses had been a considerable long time, so then [†¦ He] didn’t care no more about him because [†¦ He] don’t take no stock in dead people† (cal). Heck wanted to learn about religion, but he could never bring himself too it because of his lack of Interest. He also did not believe In It because Miss Watson told him that whatever he prayed for, he would get. â€Å"But It warrant so. [†¦ Hell tried It. [†¦ Hell tried for the hooks three or four runes, but somehow [†¦ Hell couldn’t make It work† (chi). Heck viewed the slaves In a different light. He did not Just see them as objects to be owned and sold. He knew he could not do whatever he pleased with them because to him, unlike the majority of socio’, they were actual people with feelings and emotions. When Jim ran way from Miss Watson, even though Heck knew him to be â€Å"most ruined for a servant, because he got stuck up on account of having seen the devil and been rode by witches† (chi en still gave him a chance and treated m as t en were anyone else to go along with him on his adventures. He believes what he is told until he finds that it actually is not the case. Even though the rest of society wanted him to and would have turned Jim in, Husks kind heart told him that the people were wrong and to do what he thought was morally right. Authority was also a challenge for young Huckleberry. He disobeys his father which is a young boys largest role model as well as authority figure. Pap tells him to â€Å"look here–mind Ramirez 3 how [†¦ Heck] talks to [†¦ Him]; [†¦ He is] a-standing about all [†¦ He] can stand now– so don’t game no sass† (chi) because Heck wan not giving his father the respect that he deserved. When Heck ran away, he knew he was going against his father’s wishes, but did not care that he was going against authority because he was following what his heart was telling him to do. Throughout the book, Heck knows what is right and hat is wrong according to the world he lives in, but according to him, â€Å"What’s the use you learning to do right, when it’s troublesome to do right and anti no trouble to do wrong, and the wages is Just the same? † (chic). It was difficult in that time period to distinguish the difference between true right and wrong, but Heck broke the standard and questioned what he knew in order to do what he found to be the truly right way. Works Cited Twain, Mark. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. De. Thomas Nash. New York: Penguin, Ltd. , 1985. Print How to cite The Head vs. the Heart, Papers

Creative Story Concusion Essay Example For Students

Creative Story: Concusion Essay Creative Story: ConcusionEnglish 10 Nate Pike Period. 9// 96 Ding , Ding, Ding. School had just ended. My butt had been just freedfrom the oppression of that chair for the rest of my life. Never again was Iplanning to sit down in Mr. Dicksons room again. But that was the least of myconcerns. Because, today I couldnt wait to get riding on the Bike trails. Thesewere old paths of a railroad track that had jumps built on them. By the time Igot out to the bikeracks and met my friends, we were exhilerated. To the biketrails? I asked. to the bike trails they replied. We had been going to the bike trailsfor weeks now. Every day we came back for another thrill. So, with haste we spedaway from school. Our first stop was my house. going to the bike trails , MomI said while grabbing a box of little debbie snacks. O.K., be home for supper she said. This was in code it meant be homeat five. Well who cares on to the second stop, Dons Deli. I went in and grabbed the usual. A pink lemonade Snapple and one ofthose huge pixie sticks. I got to the counter. The usual the cashier saidYup I said realizing that this recognition was a product of the lastfew weeks. That will be two dollars she said. But that was needless because I hadalready left the money and was half way out the door. I mounted my bike and rodethe steed while sucking down as much sugar as possible. We finally arrived atthe bike trails. We then Infiltrated the left over food that we bought fromDons Deli. We were all on a sugar high, its now time to ride. We did the usual. Had jump contests, fix jumps, and practiced new tricks. I had a good day, myjumps were perfect. And we would soon would move on to the hardest jump. Thebig double. This jump was about three and a half to four feet high. And aproximately eleven feet long. Not only that, if you messed up their was a ditchin the middle. I jumped it at least ten times, missing trees on the landingevery time. And because of this we decided to move it over. This process only used about an hour of precious jumping time. We had madethe jump better than ever. I tried the jump first of course. We couldnt havemade it any better. It was about five now. The day was ending so we decided itwas time to time laps around the track. The usual lap was about thirty seconds. But I was thinking about changing that. So I left the starting position andpedaled as hard and as fast as I could. The first jump was in sight, the bigdouble. I jumped , but I was too high and going so far that I went over thelanding. But the shock to my knees didnt bother me because I was used to it. Ithen rode the corner on the top edge. From experience, I knew that this getsyou more speed . Then the little double, and another large jump were easy. Irode in to the finish. Whats my time. I asked knowing that I had beaten therecord. Oh we kinda screwed it up. Just go again. One of my friends said. So Iswiftly set off. Not knowing that this time something would go terribly wrong. Iremember jumping the big double and in mid air I looked to the side. My friendwas giving me a thumbs up. .uce290c50b766de630934eaa2e912f698 , .uce290c50b766de630934eaa2e912f698 .postImageUrl , .uce290c50b766de630934eaa2e912f698 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uce290c50b766de630934eaa2e912f698 , .uce290c50b766de630934eaa2e912f698:hover , .uce290c50b766de630934eaa2e912f698:visited , .uce290c50b766de630934eaa2e912f698:active { border:0!important; } .uce290c50b766de630934eaa2e912f698 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uce290c50b766de630934eaa2e912f698 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uce290c50b766de630934eaa2e912f698:active , .uce290c50b766de630934eaa2e912f698:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uce290c50b766de630934eaa2e912f698 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uce290c50b766de630934eaa2e912f698 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uce290c50b766de630934eaa2e912f698 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uce290c50b766de630934eaa2e912f698 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uce290c50b766de630934eaa2e912f698:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uce290c50b766de630934eaa2e912f698 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uce290c50b766de630934eaa2e912f698 .uce290c50b766de630934eaa2e912f698-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uce290c50b766de630934eaa2e912f698:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ancient Art Of Parenthood EssayI then remember having sort of a dream. I was riding down the street withpeople I dont know, on bikes jiggling like Jell-O. The wheels were bendingand reshaping. And the frames swung side to side. Smack! Consciences hit me like a Mack truck. I couldnt see , where am I,howd I get here, I needed answers. What happened I asked. I heard voicesbut my mind was in to much shock to translate it. Where am I I asked hopingfor better luck. But still the people spoke in a foreign language. Whathappened I repeated starting to over load my own brain. Nate wash your face. A chorus sang . But why

Orgs 2000 Term Notes Essay Example

Orgs 2000 Term Notes Essay WEEK 1 The organization has set of features shared by modern large scale organizations called bureaucracy (Max Weber note, very strategic design-y) o Features include: 0 1 . Clearly delineated positions and Jobs with required qualifications 0 2. Formal hierarchy of positions line of authority setting out power/limitations (chain of command) 0 3. Formal rules and standard operating procedures 0 4. Training, career paths, reward systems (aka advancement) Macro/Micro analysis o Macro organization and external organizational environment o Micro groups eams and interpersonal relations o Organizations are complex systems and what happens on one level affects another 0 Unanticipated consequences of changes! 3 lenses o Strategic design 0 View of the organization: input-throughput-output system 0 Key concepts: activities, interdependence, resources (esp. nformation) 0 Key processes: grouping, linking, and aligning 0 View of the environment: resource base (source of inputs), competitive market 0 Role of the leader: organizational architect, strategist 0 Stimuli for change: lack of internal alignment, lack of fit between organization environment Obstacles to change: inadequate information (they dont get it), inadequate analysis (the case isnt convincing) o Political system 0 View of the organization: an arena for conflict 0 Key concepts: power influence, interests 0 Key processes: conflict, negotiation, coalition building, networking 0 View of the environment: external stakeholders 0 Role of the leader: forging coalitions, identifying and leveraging interests, negotiating 0 Stimuli for change: shifts in dominant coalition, in power of stakeholders 0 Obstacles to change: entrenched interests (they wont buy in because hey stand to lose) o Cultural perspective 0 View of the organization: a social construct what we think it is 0 Key concepts: identity, symbols, values, basic assumptions 0 Key processes: meaning and interpretation, legitimating 0 View of environment: social and cultural network 0 Role of the leader: articulating vision, symbolizing the culture, understanding and leveraging the culture 0 Stimuli for change: challenges to basic assumptions, contending interpretations Impediments to change: dominant culture, established mindsets (they cant see it) Levels of analysis o Individual o Group o Organization Applications o Teams o Gender and Diversity Ince ntives and Motivation Change and CSR WEEK 2 STRATEGIC DESIGN Strategic design systems deliberately constructed to achieve certain strategic goals o Efficiency (accomplishing strategic goals with least resources)+ effectiveness (goals accomplished to standards) emphasized o Assumption: organization has a strategy for creating value (value proposition/ distinctive competitive advantage) establishes what activities will lead to success o Key strategic question: which activities should be inside the boundaries of the organization and which outside? We will write a custom essay sample on Orgs 2000 Term Notes specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Orgs 2000 Term Notes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Orgs 2000 Term Notes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Key elements o Information processing and enhancing system o Task basic element smallest unit of activities needed to be done to achieve overall strategic goals 0 Vary in complexity, routinization and interdependence o Task interdependence 0 Sequential interdependence one task completed and then handed off to next stage 0 Harder to manage than pooled, easier than reciprocal 0 Pooled interdependence tasks undertaken at same time and tlnal result put together 0 Easiest to manage 0 Reciprocal interdependence tasks conducted in repeated interaction with each other 0 Hardest to manage Organizational design choices begin with strategic grouping differentiation of clusters of activities, positions, and individuals into work units o Then they must go through linking ensure that resources and information flows efficiently and effectively between activities/groups o Lastly must use alignment mechanisms (incentive systems, information systems, etc. to ensure people have the resources AND incentives to carry out tasks assigned to them Strategic grouping gathering tasks, functions, disciplines and separating from others o Assumption: coordination and communication are easier within unit han across units o Basic criteria 0 Activity (function) 0 Product/technology (business division/unit) 0 Market/customer (geography/customer segment) o Grouping by expertise/function bringing together individuals who share similar functions, disciplines, skills, and work processes Three strengths 0 1. Development of deep functional expertise and a high degree of specialization 2. Economies of Scope easy to transfer resources across activities within functions 0 3. Allows for creations of separate alignment systems each tailored to every functions needs/strengths Four weaknesses 1 . Backward flows of information can be difficult due to sequential interdependence between functions (e. g. from marketing to eng) -> therefore not responsive to changes in consumers 0 2. As specialization increases, individuals develop narrower perspectives 0 3. Difficult to assess costs 0 4. Tendency to expand levels of management over time this can inhibit efficient and effective info flows 0 Frequently adopted by new businesses maintained over time by organizations that have a single major business or share similar technologies across similar markets Grouping by Output/Product organizes on basis of service/product rovided Two strengths 0 1 . Transparency of performance costs/profits are clear of each function (business) 0 2. Clear strategic focus each business division head is responsible for profitability/growth of a complete chain 0 Four weaknesses 0 1 . Difficulty of sharing resources lead to duplication of activities across business units 0 2. New business creation difficult business units focus on expanding their own business instead of finding new opportunities OR competing across units 0 3. Functional specialists are spread can lose touch with innovation in own fields 0 4. Distributing activities across different units can lead to missed learning opportunities in core functions 0 Structure associated with strategies that emphasize efficiency, where info on cost/ profitability is crucial Grouping by Market gathers together people who perform different activities/tasks and produce different outputs but serve same customers/market 0 1 . Capacity for deep customer knowledge and close relationships 0 2. Tailor products/services to different needs 0 Three weaknesses 0 1. Duplication of activities/resources 0 2. Erosion of deep technical expertise 0 3. Missed opportunities for synergies and learning 0 For strategies that are customer-focused (customers with different needs and tastes). Often in service industries Matrix organization picks two strategic grouping dimensions and gives them equal weight in org structure each manager of each operating unit reports to two bosses one for each dimension ren balancing two equally important grouping dimensions 0 Four weaknesses from complexity 0 1. Confusion 0 2. Higher costs 0 3. Delays in decision making 0 3. Heightened potential for conflict Front/back structure divided into two parts. Front end faces customer and organized by market developing and producing products. Back end is organized by product business units that include technology dev, production, logistics Two Strengths 1 . Close integration of tech development and production (back end) 2. Building deep customer knowledge and close relationships (front end) Three weaknesses 1 . Fragmentation of technical expertise (back end) 2. Poor integration between market needs and tech development 3. Ensuring adequate integration/synergy between the front and back ends can be difficult o Modular/Network structures self organizing network. The subunits come together and cooperate to deliver a specific product or service. New development. Not much info in reading o Line activities in the direct chain providing products/ services to customer o Staff support activities (so finance, legal, HR, PR, IT) Linking designing structures and processes to connect and coordinate organizational units and subunits whose tasks are interdependent but have been separated by strategic grouping decisions o Intensity of linking mechanisms is influenced by level of interdependence (pooled, sequential, reciprocal the task interdependence earlier) Dotted line relationships lower ranking person is formally responsible for supplying all relevant information to higher ranked person but that they have no formal authority over them beyond the information flow (easy fix for lack of horizontal information flow) o Liaison roles assigning responsibility for coordination across groups to individuals 0 These people are conduits for info and expertise 0 Primarily information-focused role 0 Not a full-time responsibility but combined with other act ivities o Integrator roles coordinate activities and decision processes 0 More of a general management role Have carrots and stic ks to help their role o Permanent cross-unit groups formal mandate for representatives of different task/work groups to pool expertise and coordinate efforts to a certain product/client/ market/problem. Often combined with other activities (not full-time assignment) o Temporary cross-unit groups like permanent groups, but project is the grouping dimension. Disband after the project. Heads of project teams play an integrator role o IT Systems enhance support for linking and coordinating mechanisms and even can be seen as own linking mechanisms Co-location putting people and subunits that need to exchange information in the same location o Challenge in designing linking mechanisms determining which add value and which do not Alignment ensuring the units and individuals assigned certain tasks and activities by grouping and linking have the resources and motivation to carry them out A common failure of organizational redesign efforts is a lack of organizational congruence misaligned supporting systems and processes o Performance measurement systems system to indicate whether or not a design is effective based on its performance. Need to be designed so that they do not pull groups in incompatible directions that undercut linking o Rewards and incentives useful tool for changing behaviour. 0 Criteria for general principles: 0 Incentives should link performance to pay and directly link performance to specific standards and objectives 0 Rewards should relate directly to the nature of performance required at each level of the organization. Rewards should be directly linked to objectives that are within the groups or individuals power to control 0 Incentive plans should match measurement periods for rewards to relevant erformance plans 0 One view individuals oriented to material rewards 0 Prone to free ride off others can be unproductive without negative sanctions 0 Other view most individuals want to do a good Job 0 Main challenge is to design reward system that doesnt misalign rewards with requirements of orgs strategic intent perverse incentives o Resource allocation assessing adequacy of resource to carry out assigned tasks very difficult to implement o HR Development -Allocating resources of people as well as developing (training) and creating them (hiring) Strategic organizational design process Disruption of flow of business re design efforts take up time and attention of managers and tie up organizational resources 0 Information is not processed adequately employees do not recognize the value of different kinds of info, how to interpret it, how to add value, or how to pass it on o Risk to LT relationships with customers/suppliers they do not know who to talk to in the organization because of changing positions o Stress loss ot continui ty, departure ot key people = damages core competencies ot company. People worry about Job loss o Good design process (Nadler/Tushman) 0 1. Those that emerge from consideration of widest possible range 0 2. Design process involves people who understand the organization 0 3. Developed with implementation in mind 0 4. Making people responsible for making the change work feel as if were part of shaping the change o Stimulus for change 0 Response to growth more products, broader range of customers, etc. 0 Internal problems lack of coordination, excessive conflict, unclear roles, poor work flows, etc. Environmental changes (most frequent) from external business environment Organization seen as throughout-put takes inputs from environment, adds value hrough internal processes, and distributes to users outside the organization 0 Input- set environment 0 Output-set market 0 Shifts in the environment can change the design organization must fit the environmental pressures Understanding an organization 0 1. Know its strategy what is the organization trying to accomplish? How does it differentiate itself? What does it do better than others? 0 2. Map its design 0 What is the grouping structure? 0 How are the units created by the structure linked? 0 Are the basic systems aligned with each other? Do they positively reinforce each other? Does the organization design fit the demands of its environment and of its strategy? Strategic organizational design process 0 1. Generate design criteria 0 2. Generate grouping alternatives 0 3. Evaluate grouping alternati ves 0 4. Identify coordination requirements 0 5. Generate structural linking mechanisms 0 6. Evaluate structural linking mechanisms 0 7. Conduct impact analysis 0 8. Refine and eliminate designs 0 9. Identify issues for operational design and alignment 0 10. Identify issues for implementation Political system sees organization as a social system constructed as an arena for ompetition and conflict among individuals, groups, and other organizations whose interests and goals differ o Roots of conflict lie in different interests, disagreements requiring action, including negotiation, coalition building, exercise of power and influence o Asks Whos defining the problem? What gives them the power to define it? Whos advocating my solution and why? How can I get an outcome that serves the interests of me and my group? o Decisions must be political have to have buy in of those with power to implement/block them Interests what people want and whats at stake for hem o Assumption: people act rationally to serve their own interests (economic man) o Collective interests those shared by others belonging to same group o Groups: 0 Formal structure 0 Demographic groups 0 Division of labour 0 Location 0 Professional/occupational category o Stakeholder perspective identifies groups that have a share stake (i. e. set of collective interests) 0 1 . Analyzing what interests are and what priority they have for individuals and collective actors 0 Multiple interests at same time LT/ST, competing, autonomy/ cooperation 0 Collectives also have multiple interests Therefore, the way decisions are made, they depend mostly on how key decision makers see and assign weight to their interests 0 These interests are also dynamic they change 0 Can be latent do not realize they exist until an event happens 0 To carry out an action, one must understand what interests will be affected by it Power ability to affect behaviour of other people 0 1 . Influence someone does not have formal authority but has ability to persuade others. Legitimate 0 2. Authority legitimate and decreed upon by organizational hierarchy/formal positions 0 3. Coercion domination not considered very legitimate. Breeds resentment. Basically punishing someone o Sources of power: 0 Personal characteristics charisma gift of grace. Emotional connection between leader and followers. Unstable, requires constant proofs, difficult to transfer 0 Energy 0 Focus 0 Sensitivity to others and ability to understand how they see interests 0 Flexibility 0 Ability to tolerate conflict 0 Submerging ones ego and getting along 0 Willingness to engage in conflict to further ones actions is a source of power Scarce or valued expertise 0 Past performance/track record People believe can cultivate future relationships with high fliers 0 Formal position 0 Provides guide to resource allocation, info flows, evaluation of employee performance, task assignments, conflict resolution 0 Proximity of subunit to head of organization greater the power 0 Informal network position 0 Size of network and position in network is crucial 0 Centrality how many links you are between powerful individuals within a network 0 Network clusters are better and more efficient than redundant interconnected, tightly knit networks 0 Network position is a great source of influence for 2 reasons 0 1. Info advanta ge in can confer 0 2. Potential for coalitions 0 Holes in an organizational network where there is no direct link between subunits that could benefit from being linked structural holes o Someone who bridges these wholes has power because he has disproportionate say since he has contact with both 0 Many social networks: task-related networks, friendship networks, advice networks o How to identify where power resides in an organization: 0 Reputation ask people who has power in the org 0 Representational indicators which groups interests are over repped Observation of consequences which groups benefit most from resource allocation 0 Symbols of power o Sources of power: Personal characteristics, scare valued expertise, track record/ contribution to org. performance, formal position in org. hierarchy, informal network position Using political lens to take action: 0 1. Map interests and power 0 1 . Supporters whose cooperation do you need 0 2. Blockers whose opposition could hold you up 0 3. Potential stakeholders who will be affected 0 4. Existing coalitions who are the friends/allies of potential supports/blockers and what are their collective interests This provides guidance on a) how to convince key stakeholders that your initiative serves them, and b) how to tailor your initiative so that incorporates key stakeholders 0 2. Getting buy-in getting people to commit to action 0 Escalation of commitment people are more likely to commit to something that they have already invested resources into 0 Publically made less likely to back in 0 More resources = more commitment 0 Giving stakeholders chance to provide feedback they have some effect on the group 0 Risk: having potential supporter back out 0 3. Finding allies building coalition illusion of influence feeling that Set of allies who act together to support certain policies/activities 0 Long-term can be a general coalition to provide reciprocal support for each others interests 0 Dominant coalition upper management acting together in their interests 0 Idea of reciprocity mostly 4. Building a network 0 Built on reciprocity (l do for you, you do for me), and trust. Have values, i. e. urrencies: 0 Rewards-related 0 Task-related 0 Relationship-related 0 Status-related 0 Key to establish trust to overcome initial barrier and begin with reciprocity Mainta ining relationships are a crucial time sink may take up to 80% of managers ime 0 Choose type of network to maintain 5. Building negotiation skills WEEK 4 CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE Cultural perspective focuses on social and personal identities carried by people. Cultural understandings are collectively shaped and rooted in the past o Limitations of managers, structural authority, influence, and rationality best describe human behaviour o Emphasis that people must learn these things to be fully functioning members of org Schiens model of culture: o Pyramid going from top to bottom: 0 1 . Artifacts/behaviours (symbols) what you observe 0 2. Espoused values what you are told (normative)

Customer Request Listening Quiz

Customer Request Listening Quiz You will hear a customer asking for help in a shop. Write down the answers to the questions concerning what she wants. Click on the listen here link. Once you have listened twice, return to this page and take the listening quiz. Write or type the answers. After you have finished, find the answer key at the bottom of the page to see if you have answered the questions correctly. Listen here.   What did the woman receive as a gift?What kind of gift was it?Why does she not want it?Why cant she get her money back?What can she do with it?What would she like?What kid of handbag would she like?What kind of handbag was she looking for?Where is the handbag that she likes?What is the problem with the handbag she likes?What can she have instead of a refund?Who would she like to speak to?What does the man think the manager will say?Where has the manager been? Answer Key: A briefcaseA birthday giftShe doesnt like it and she already has one.She doesnt have a receipt.She can exchange the briefcase.A handbagSomething black, smallish, and not too expensiveSomething more classicalIn the windowIt costs less than the briefcaseA credit noteThe ManagerHe will say the same thing.At lunch

The Clean Air Act Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Clean Air Act - Essay Example From this study it is clear that the Act created the federal benchmarks for mobile sources of air pollution. The standards also extended to fuels as well as a source of over 187 hazardous air pollutants. Moreover, the Act provided for a cap-and-trade program for the emissions causing rain. Further, the Act culminated into a comprehensive permit framework for chief sources of air pollution. Furthermore, the Act deals with the prevention of pollution in areas with clean air as well as a safeguard of the stratospheric ozone layer.This essay discusses that  the Clean Act has been central to the Health sector. For example, it is estimated that over 22 trillion dollars have been saved in Health-Care Costs. As demanded by the Congress to ascertain the worthiness of the Act, EPA conducted periodic scientific studies assessing the benefits and cost of the Act. The report that was initially produced in October 1977 providing an in-depth retrospective examination of benefits and cost between 1970 and 1990 revealed overwhelming benefits attained by complying with Act over the cost of implementation. The EPA applied dose-response data from the scientific review. The study modelling projected over 184,000 annual reduction in premature deaths, and 674 chronic reduction. Moreover, the study revealed that over 22 million lost days at work, as well as other key outcomes.  The Act has also been central to promoting environmental protection leading to clean air to breath.

Healthcare situation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Healthcare situation - Essay Example Even though some Canadian citizens assert that they have never been forced to wait for medical services, protests concerning this resulted in all provincial governments publishing information concerning wait times for particular medical procedures in their area. The scarcity of physicians as well as other health care specialists is another big problem for Canadians. Many doctors from developing nations as well as the United States have been hired in the Canadian health sector to deal with this problem. The Canadian healthcare system provides enough evidence that socialized healthcare is not always the answer for providing every citizen with care options. While socialized healthcare plans provide a nation’s citizens with both private and public options, it is normally true that private options provide their patients with better care options than do public health schemes. The writer provides the examples of several Canadian citizens that have in the past been victims of Canada’s healthcare system even though they previously believed that they were in the nation with the best healthcare system. Suzanne Aucoin,and Dr. Jacques Chaoulli are Canadian citizens that offer different views on the problems of Canada’s healthcare system. Suzanne was a patient in need of immediate treatment. She was to discover, shockingly, that she was not able to access the drug recommended for her due to the fact that the public health insurance policy in Canada did not cover it. In order to get the medicine that would save her, she was forced to spend more in suing the Ontario government so that it would be compelled to cover her even if she ended up obtaining the drug from the United States. Dr. Jacques Chaoulli, on the other hand, is a doctor that ended up suing the Canadian government in court. He finally appealed his case in the Canadian Supreme Court. It is apparent that to control rising costs, health-care

Investigation of Fracture Energy GF

Investigation of Fracture Energy GF ABSTRACT Concretes inherent brittleness, low tensile strength and premature micro-cracking phenomena can be improved, in the bulk material, by embedment of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), the 1-D allotrope of carbon which exhibit a remarkable combination of mechanical and transport properties. The present research aims in investigating the fracture energy, Gf, of modified cement mortar with Multi Wall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) under 3-point bending test with acoustic emission (AE). According to Rilem recommendation, it is reported that using the fracture toughness of mortars reinforced with variable loadings of multi-walled carbon nanotubes it can be determined the fracture energy, Gf. Moreover, it is widely known that fracture energy depends on both geometry and size of the test specimen. The results of load, CMOD, AE-activity and AE-energy are analyzed. 1. Introduction As the most widely used structural materials, concrete has been developed to meet constantly renewed requirements raised by construction of more and more structures [1]. Great research efforts are continuously invested towards improving its inherent brittleness, low tensile strength and premature micro-cracking phenomena by the introduction of third phases throughout its volume. While endowment of reinforcement and ductility are conventionally achieved through embedment of steel rods, additional reinforcement of the continuous phase can be achieved through the introduction of other micro- and nano-scale media [2-5]. However, an obvious shortage of concrete with largely enhanced strength grade is brittleness, which is of great concern related to the structural safety. Recent studies have focused on improving the properties of concrete with the addition of nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) or carbon nanofibers (CNFs). In addition, fibers control the crack patterns and determine failure modes of concrete members [6-9]. There are many fibers utilized in cement and concrete materials. The most common fibers are glass, carbon, aramid, polypropylene, and basalt fibers. The revolutionary one-dimensional allotrope of carbon with Youngs moduli approaching 1.4 TPa, seven times higher than of high-strength steel and tensile strengths above 100GPa, fifty times higher than the same reference material. At this moment the nanocomposite materials are considered the next generation materials for electronics, aeronautical, civil engineering and other applications [4, 10-13]. Carbon nanotubes have minimum diameters of 0.4nm and are classified as single- or multi-walled (SWCNTs and MWCNTs, respectively) and they produced by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and its variants (low pressure, thermal, catalytic and others). The most popular and affordable choice due to low commercial price are the ÃŽÅ“WCNTs but they have slightly inferior performance than SWCNTS which are lot expensive. Carbon nanofibers (CNFs), a similar nanostructured material comprised of cylindrically-shaped arrangements of stacked graphene plates or cones, have also been suggested as nano-re inforcements for concrete [14]. At nanocomposite materials a very important factor which will enable efficient load transfer from the cement matrix to the tubes, is the achievement of homogeneous dispersion of tubes within the continuous phase. The dispersion of MWCNTs, ideally without significant reduction in their high initial length and aspect ratio, usually achieved through the use of surfactants and sonication processes. This part attracts rigorous scientific efforts because CNTs tend to agglomerate together due to their high surface area and the strong Van der Waals forces acting between them. The agglomerates are responsible not only for stress concentration within the cement matrix which leads to strength degradation during service life, but also to premature crack initiation and propagation [15, 16]. On the other hand, there are a lot of studies which have referenced that surfactants create side-effects in cement matrix. Makar et al. reported strong early-age bonds between cement paste and CNTs[17]. Yazdanbakhsh [14] reported incompatibility issues, during the hydration phase, between cement base and the surfactants used for improving CNT dispersion. In addition the study observed reduction in aspect ratio length/diameter of MWCNT during exposure of the tubes to the high sonication energies required for disentanglement. It was suggested that the favorable dispersion characteristics found in aqueous environment does not guarantee a similarly favorable dispersion within the cement matrix. Enhancement of cements flexural toughness by CNTs hasnt been investigated largely by researchers and so there isnt a wide variety of reports. To the authors knowledge only one reference, Stynoski et al. [18] studied the fracture properties of Portland cement mortars containing carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers and silica fume using notched three-point bending test. They observed that using silica fume and carbon nanotubes together there was improvement in toughness about 35% and increment about 56% on critical crack tip opening displacement (CTODc) at 28 days. In addition using only carbon nanotubes provided. On the other hand, using only carbon nanotubes serves to increase in fracture toughness of about 5-10% at 7 and 28 days of age. In addition, the effect of carbon nanotubes has as result to increment the CTODc about 20% improvement at 28 days. But there are several of investigations which study the fracture properties of micro-fiber reinforced mortar with various additives. For exa mple, Moukwa et al. [19] studied the effect of alumino-silicate clays on the critical stress intensity factor and CTODc. They found that the use of silica fume and alumino-silicate clays increased the values of KIC, CTODC and the compressive strength of cementitious materials. In addition alumino-silicate clays are incorporated as substitutes for a fraction of the cement, the total porosity of hardened mixtures increases compared to that of hardened cement paste with no clay addition. Sarker et al. [20] studied the fracture behavior of geopolymer concrete (GPC) as compared to OPC concrete of similar compressive strength and containing the same size and type of aggregates. They found that the failure modes of the heat cured GPC specimens were generally more brittle than those of the OPC concrete specimens. Fracture energy of geopolymer concrete was similar to that of OPC concrete and fracture energy increased with compressive strength in both types of concrete. The critical stress in tensity factor of the GPC specimens was higher than that of the OPC concrete specimens for the same compressive strength and the difference in the fracture behaviors of GPC and OPC concrete is because of the higher bond and tensile strengths of GPC. Das et al. [21] replaced ordinary Portland cement (OPC) by limestone or a combination of limestone and fly ash/metakaolin and they observed that the new phases inside the mortar matrix can lead to enhanced fracture mechanics properties and ductility. Nikbin et al. [22] studied the fracture characteristics, such as fracture energy and Kic, of self-compacting concrete using notched three-point bend specimens for specimens with different coarse aggregate volume percent. 2. Materials and Test Methods 2.1. Materials, specimens and testing The Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) that used in the present work were synthesized via catalytic chemical vapor deposition and were commercially available by Shenzhen Nanotech Port Co. Ltd. (Shenzhen, China). Their nominal purity was higher than 97% and their amorphous carbon content was less than 3%. The nominal tube diameter ranged from 20 to 40 nm while their length ranged from 5 to 15 ÃŽÂ ¼m. In table 1 is shown the properties of multi-wall carbon nanotubes. Viscocrete Ultra 300 (Sika AG, Baar, Switzerland), a water-based superplasticizer comprised of polycarboxylate polymers was used as dispersion assistive agent; it was selected based on its efficiency in inhibiting air entrapment inside the specimens as well as because of its excellent resistance to mechanical and chemical attack. Table 1: Properties of multi-wall carbon nanotubes Parameters Values Type multi-wall CNTs Length 5-15 ÃŽÂ ¼m Main range of diameter 20-40 nm Production method: catalyzed CVD Purity à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¥ 95% Ash à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ 0.2 wt% Special surface area 40-300 m3/g Amorphous carbon à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ 3% For the production of nanocomposite mortar with tube loadings variable within 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6 and 0.8 wt% of cement, the following experimental protocol was adopted. Initially, superplasticer with MWCNTs at a ratio of 1.5/1 added in regular tap water and then follow magnetic stirring for 2 min. The resultant suspensions were subsequently ultrasonicated for 90 min at room temperature by aid of a Hielscher UP400S device (Hielscher Ultrasonics GmbH, Teltow, Germany) equipped with a cylindrical 22 mm diameter sonotrode delivering a power throughput of 4500 J/min at a frequency of 24 kHz. The specific combination of ultrasonication parameters was established as optimal for achievement of suspension homogeneity without tube aspect ratio impairment [15]. The ultrasonicated suspensions were transferred, along with ordinary Portland cement type I 42.5N and natural sand into the bucket of a rotary mixer where it was mixed for a total of 4 minutes, in low and high speeds sequentially, as per standard test method BS EN 196-1. Immediately after mixing, the fresh mortar was poured into metallic oiled formworks, volumes of 160x40x40 mm3, where it was left for 24 hours before demolding and subsequent placement into a 100% humidity room for duration of 28 days. A total 50 specimens were prepared, divided into two sets of five specimens at each CNT formulation, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 wt% of cement. In one set, suspensions were further processed in a vacuum environment for removal of entrapped air before they were mixed with the cement and sand by aid of a rotary mixer. Additional mixtures without nanotubes were also prepared for reference purposes. The above procedure is shown schematically in fig. 1. After 28 days maturation were created a notch in specimens with cut-wheel with depth 20mm. Figure 1: Schematic representation of the nano-modifield mortars manufacturing process [5] In addition fig. 2 depicts the as-processed state of MWCNT-reinforced concrete specimens with varying tube loadings. The bottom row depicts reference specimens, whereas the top and middle rows show specimens with tube loadings of 0.6 and 0.2 wt% of cement, respectively, wherein porosity appears to increase with nano-reinforcement concentration. Figure 2: Various amounts of carbon nanotube loadings inside cement matrix: 0.6 wt% of cement (top row), 0.2 wt% of cement (middle row) and plain cement (bottom row) 2.2 Acoustic Emission Monitoring Large concrete structures like buildings, storage tanks, bridges, dams, offshore structures, flyovers require reliable non-destructive testing methods for assessing structure integrity. Acoustic emission is a widely used technique for monitoring concrete structures, and is based on the phenomenon of the rapid release of energy from different localized sources inside a material generating elastic waves [23]. Such stress waves propagate through the solid due to energy released during the deformation process and the amount of acoustic energy released depends on the size, the speed of the local deformation process and the material. AE can detect lesions such as crack growth, fracture growth, monitoring deformations, corrosion etc. in a wide range of materials. The transducers are usually piezoelectric and transform the energy of the transient elastic wave to an electric waveform which is digitized and stored. The AE sensors record the accumulated activity which is indicative of the sever ity of cracking. Certain indices based on the magnitude or the number of the AE signals has been employed successfully in the health monitoring of heterogeneous structural materials like concrete and composites. In addition, when multiple sensors are applied, apart from the number of AE hits, it is possible to be found the source of events because of the time delay between the acquisitions of the corresponding signals at different sensors. This allows the estimation of which part of the material needs repair, which is of paramount importance for large-scale structures. Also via AE the materials mode of fracture can be studied and characterized [24-26]. However, there are other important aspects of the AE testing, which are based on the qualitative parameters of the received signals. It has been seen that the shape of the waveform is indicative of the fracture type, something very important for the classification of cracks in different materials. Shear cracks follow tensile cracks as damage is being accumulated within the material. Therefore, the characterization of the cracking mode can act as a warning against final failure. It has been shown that tensile events are linked to higher frequency content and higher RA value, fig. 3, than shear [27-30]. This is mainly due to the larger part of energy transmitted in the form of shear waves, which are slower; therefore, the maximum peak of the waveform delays considerably compared to the onset of the initial longitudinal arrivals, This kind of classification has proven useful in laboratory conditions concerning corrosion cracking in concrete, fracture of cross-ply laminates, as well as d iscrimination between tensile matrix cracking and fiber pull-out during bending of steel-fiber reinforced concrete [31, 32]. In fig. 3 and in fig. 4 is given a typical AE signal and a typical AE signal due to different types of fracture respectively. Figure 3: Typical AE signal and parameters Figure 4: Typical AE signals due to different types of fracture 2.3 Mechanical performance Determination of the fracture toughness by means of three-point bend tests on notched beams In the present study for calculation of the critical fracture toughness of cementitious materials used the Hilleborgs [33] crack model of concrete which is similar with Dugdale-Barenblatt crack model of metals. For cementitious composite materials, such as mortar or concrete, the fracture toughness is determined using linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) considerations. The P-CMOD response is obtained from notched beams, subjected to the center-point loading conà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ guration shown in fig. 5. The tests are performed under CMOD control, where this parameter is measured using a clip gage mounted on knife-edges. The thickness of the knife-edges, d, is taken into account in the calculations. Figure 5: Three-point bend test configuration for notched beam specimen For this geometry, the stress intensity factor (KI) is given by where P is the applied load, a is the crack length and ÃŽÂ ± = a / W is the relative crack length (with S=3W and ÃŽÂ ±o=ao/W=0,25). The geometry dependent function, f(ÃŽÂ ±) is determined using two-dimensional plane stress analysis and is given by Where when when Also, in a similar way, where the dimensionless geometry-dependent function, g(ÃŽÂ ±), is given by Where when when As it is evident from fig. 1, the CMOD is not measured exactly at the notch mouth but at a distance d, which must be taken into account for determining the real value of CMOD from that measured in the test (denoted as CMODMesured). Therefore, The conversion factor kd can be determined, for 1 mm d 6 mm, from The coefficients used to compute kd for the CMOD correction are given in table 2 for different knife-edge thicknesses. Table 2: Coefficients used to compute kd for the CMOD correction d(mm) h1 h2 h3 h4 1 0.0050 275.1 275.9 0.0399 2 0.1508 162.5 163.6 0.0118 3 0.1037 104.1 105.1 0.01631 4 0.0777 76.2 77.2 0.0137 5 0.0623 60.2 61.1 0.0117 6 0.0521 49.7 50.6 0.0106 For large ÃŽÂ ± (> 0,4) the correction is insignificant, hence for specimens with relative notch lengths in the order of 0,4, no correction needs to be applied. Moreover, for thin knife-edges (d Determination of the fracture energy by means of three-point bend tests on notched beams The fracture energy is defined as the amount of energy necessary to create one unit area of a crack. The area of a crack is defined as the projected area on a plane parallel to the main crack direction. This test method is not recommended for fiber-reinforced concrete. The fracture energy is determined by the equation, [N/m (J/] Where, Wo (Nm), is the area under the load-deformation curve shown in fig. 6 (kg) ; m1 = weight of the beam between the supports, calculated as the beam weight multiplied by S/L (fig. 1). The length L of the beam as well as the span S during the test must be measured with an accuracy of at least 1 mm; m2 = weigth of the part of the loading device touching the beam which is not attached to the testing machine, but follows the beam until fracture; g = acceleration due to gravity (9,81 m/s2); ÃŽÂ ´o = deformation of the beam at fracture (m), as shown in fig. 2; Alig = area of the ligament (m2), defined as the projection of the fracture zone on a plane perpendicular to the beam axis. Figure 6: Load-deformation (CMOD) curve Test procedure for fracture energy measurement The test is performed with an approximately constant rate of deformation, which is chosen so that the maximum load is reached within about 30-60 seconds after the start of the test. The deformation of the center of the beam and the corresponding load are registered until the beam is completely separated into two halves. In case the deformation is not measured directly on the specimen it is recommended that before measuring the load-deformation curve the load is cycled 3 times between 5% and 25% of the expected maximum load. The load should be measured with an accuracy of at least 2% of the maximum value in the test. The deformation must be measured with an accuracy of at least 0.01 mm. Finally, the Crack Mouth Opening Displacement (CMOD) will be monitored during the test performed with controlled load in a closed-loop testing machine. The load will be applied at a rate between 2 and 3 N/s. A plot of CMOD versus applied load will be produced. Mechanical characterization under three po int bending testing was performed on an Instron 5967 testing frame (Instron, Norwood, MA, USA) equipped with a 30kN loadcell. For the accurate recording of displacement C.M.O.D were used a Crack Opening Displacement (COD) Gauge extensometer with gauge length 10mm by Instron company. 3. Results and Discussion The effect of CNT presence and concentration to the flexural and compressive strength has investigated in previous study. The researchers were observed that subjection of the suspension to the vacuum-assisted air removal procedure significantly enhanced the materials flexural strength, compared to non-vacuumed suspensions. The maximum improvement in flexural strength, compared to the control specimens for vacuumed suspensions, appeared at 0.4 wt% MWCNT loading and was approximately 17% improvement at 0.2, 0.6 and 0.8 wt% loadings were 12, 10 and 9% respectively [4]. In the present study, the fracture energy of vacuum and non-vacuume nanocomposite mortar, Gf, as the way the fracture energy effects on the acoustic emission energy are investigated. In respect to the flexural strength the researcher observed that the specimens had the similar behavior as shown in table 3. The flexural strength calculated by using the following equation, where L, B, W and a0 are specimens dimensions prese nting in fig. 5. à Ã†â€™ = Table 3: Comparison results of Flexural strength between specimens with and without notch. Flexural Strength[MPa] [4] Flexural Strength with notch[Mpa] CNT loading, wt% of cement Non-VacuumedSuspensions VacuumedSuspensions Non-VacuumedSuspensions VacuumedSuspensions 0 (plain) 5.36  ± 0.38 5.43  ± 0.23 5.72  ± 0.21 5.64  ± 0.25 0.2 4.15  ± 0.28 6.09  ± 0.43 4.73  ± 0.22 5.98  ± 0.11 0.4 4.61  ± 0.48 6.34  ± 0.67 5.00  ± 0.34 6.74  ± 0.13 0.6 4.97  ± 0.36 6.01  ± 0.66 4.83  ± 0.33 6.12  ± 0.31 0.8 4.78  ± 0.21 5.92  ± 0.5 4.87  ± 0.28 6.35  ± 0.39 It is widely known that CNTs increase the mechanical properties. Table 4 shows the results of effect of CNTs to the fracture energy, Gf, for vacuumed and non-vacuumed specimens. It is clearly that CNTs increase the fracture energy and the maximum value appears in the rate of 0.4% wt. cement CNTs. Above the rate of 0.4% there were reduction in the fracture energy however the values of Gf continues are higher than control specimens. In addition, all non-vacuumed specimens showed slightly elevated values than the control specimens but lower for vacuumed specimens because of porosity which is created because of CNTs. Table 4: Comparison results of Fracture energy between Vacuumed and Non-Vacuumed suspensions Fracture Energy [N/m (J/m2)] CNT loading, wt% of cement Non-VacuumedSuspensions VacuumedSuspensions 0 (plain) 1.1655  ± 0.063 1.1281  ± 0.060 0.2 1.1681  ± 0.122 2.0338  ± 0.086 0.4 1.6910  ± 0.115 6.5373  ± 0.369 0.6 2.1460  ± 0.050 2.9987  ± 0.383 0.8 1.8185  ± 0.200 2.4623  ± 0.165 Except for plain specimens which had similar fracture energy, the fracture energy of the specimens which had been in vacuum was increased. Gf of the nanocomposite with 0.2% and 0.4% wt. cement CNTs was found to be higher at about 80% and 479% respectively related to control specimens while for 0.6% and 0.8% wt. cement CNTs was found an increment at about 166% and 118% respectively. On the other hand, non-vacuumed nanocomposite specimens with 0.2% wt. cement CNTs were found it that had limited growth about only 0.2%. Greater increase of approximately 45%, 84% and 56% showed the nanocomposites specimens with 0.4 %, 0.6% and 0.4% wt. cement CNTs respectively. Comparing the two types of mixtures, vacuumed and non-vacuumed, the results showed that the fracture energy increment for all rates for vacuumed specimens. Specifically, for the rates 0.2% and 0.4% wt. cement CNTs the increments were about 74% and 287% respectively while for 0.6% and 0.8% wt. the increments were only 40% and 36% re spectively. The entire above are shown in fig. 7. Finally, fig. 8 shows a typical load-CMOD graph for all rates, 0% up to 0.8% wt. cement CNTs, of vacuumed nanocomposite specimens and non-vacuumed specimens. Figure 7: Diagram of Fracture Energy, Gf, results Figure 8: Typical load-CMOD curve for all rates of nanocomposite specimens for a) vacuumed and b) non-vacuumed are presented. For Acoustic Emission (AE) monitoring in real time under three point bending tests of CNT-reinforced concrete specimens two R15a AE sensors were used, with broadband response ranging from 50 to 400 kHz and a maximum sensitivity at 150 kHz, attached on the lower section of the specimen. The R15a is a narrow band resonant sensor with a high sensitiv

Essay --

Introduction Considered to be the greatest playwright to ever have lived, William Shakespeare’s works continue to fascinate and entrance audiences around the world. Imbued with imagery, his comedy A Midsummer Night’s Dream is perhaps one of his more fantastic but none the less intricate plays. Presiding over the proceedings, the moon is the uniting feature of the play. With its multi-layered symbolism it is the thread that connects the different characters and weaves the tale together. 1. The Keeper of Time Upon its first mention the moon is used as a marker for the passage of time. In the opening lines of the play Theseus, the duke of Athens, laments to his fiancà ©e Hippolyta that time is passing too slow and blames this on the moon: THESEUS: Now, fair Hippolyta, our nuptial hour Draws on apace; four happy days bring in Another moon: but, O, methinks, how slow This old moon wanes! She lingers my desires, Like to a step-dame or a dowager Long withering out a young man’s revenue. (1.1.1-4 (Shakespeare and Brooks)) The old moon keeps Theseus waiting for his wedding night with Hippolyta, on the new moon. Theseus compares the old moon to an older woman, which stepmothers or a dowager usually are, and accuses her of keeping from him what is his to have, Hippolyta and their wedding night, like old widows might keep an inheritance from a young man. 2. The Moon Goddess Unlike the impatient Theseus, who mourns the dark moon, Hippolyta sees the moon as a symbol of Cupid and his arrows, which unite lovers: HIPPOLYTA: four nights will quickly steep themselves in night; Four nights will quickly dream away the time; And then the moon, like a silver bow New bent in heaven, shall behold the night Of our solemnity. (1.1.6-11 (Shakespeare and ... ...moon, therefore creating the image of the ‘Man in the Moon’: STARVELING: This lantern doth the horned moon present; Myself the Man i’th’ Moon do seem to be. (5.1.235-236 (Shakespeare and Brooks)) Thus the moon takes on another more comical and amusing role in contrast to the darker, more serious roles it holds towards the other groups. Conclusion Returning to the introduction, the moon is not only ever present, it actively influences the proceedings throughout the play, not only connecting characters, but also giving them agency for their actions. Shakespeare once again displays his dexterity with imagery through his manifold portrayals of the moon; one moment merely the indicator of time, the next a symbol of the goddess Diana, at once a symbol of order and chaos, of happiness and discord, fertility and chastity, it encompasses all that transpires on the stage.